The wide range of challenges in studying Earth system dynamics because of uncertainties in climate change and complex man-made interference are creating difficulties in managing land and water resources and their sustainable use. This book brings together real-world case studies accurately surveyed and assessed through spatial modeling and focuses on the effectiveness of combining remote sensing, GIS, and R. The use of open source software for different spatial modeling cases in various fields, along with the use of remote sensing and GIS, help researchers, students, and practitioners to better understand the phenomena and the prediction of future analyses for problem solving and decision making.