First published in the US in 1938 by G.P. Putnam's Sons, ''While England Slept: A Survey of World Affairs, 1932–1938'' was Winston Churchill's warning against the rise of Nazi Germany and critique of British appeasement. It warns that Britain lagged far behind Germany in air and land armaments and attacks government leaders like Neville Chamberlain for trusting fascist regimes. It opposed the 1938 pact that surrendered parts of Czechoslovakia to Germany, which emboldened Hitler to start the War. The book galvanized political opposition and public doubt regarding false peace, laying the groundwork for Churchill's return as Prime Minister in 1940 when his warnings proved correct, and inspiring a young John F. Kennedy to write his Harvard senior thesis, published later under the exact same title ''Why England Slept.''