Over the past twenty years research on the evolving relationship between GIS and Society has been expanding into a wide variety of topical areas, becoming in the process an increasingly challenging and multifaced endeavor.  The SAGE Handbook of GIS and Society is a retrospective and prospective overview of GIS and Society research that provides an expansive and critical assessment of work in that field.Emphasizing the theoretical, methodological and substantive diversity within GIS and Society research, the book highlights the distinctiveness and intellectual coherence of the subject as a field of study, while also examining its resonances with and between key themes, and among disciplines ranging from geography and computer science to sociology, anthropology, and the health and environmental sciences. Comprising 27 chapters, often with an international focus, the book is organized into six sections:Foundations of Geographic Information and SocietyGeographic Information and Modern LifeAlternative Representations of Geographic Information and SocietyOrganizations and InstitutionsParticipation and Community IssuesValue, Fairness, and PrivacyTable of Contents: Part One: Setting the Stage Introduction Timothy Nyerges, Robert McMaster and Helen Couclelis Part Two: Research Themes and Approaches Section 1: Fundamentals of Geographic Information and Society GIS, Ontology and Society Understanding Global Change: The Role of Geographic Information Science in the Integration of People and Nature Clodoveu Davis, Fred Fonseca and Gilberto Camara Geographic Thought that Underpins GIS & Society Research or GIS in planning support systems, uncertainty and planning futures Connecting Geospatial Information to Society through Cyberinfrastructure Marc Armstrong Critical GIS and Society Section 2: Spatially Integrated Social Science/f002 Changing Significance of Geographical Concepts in Spatially Integrated Social Science Donald Janelle and Michael Goodchild Spatial Analysis of Social Networks Carter Butts and Ryan Acton Section 3: Alternative Visual Representations of Geographic Information and Society Concepts Underlying Geovisualizations and Multiple Realities Robert McMaster et al Human-Scale Visualizations and Society Dimitris Ballas and Daniel Dorling Indigenous People's Issues and Indigenous GIS Melinda Laituri Space-Time GIS for Studying Human Activities: A Time-Geographic Approach Hongbo Yu and Shih-Lung Shaw Section 4: Organizations and Institutions Emerging Frameworks in the Information Age: the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) phenomenon Ian Masser Cadastral Relationships and Spatial Data Infrastructures: Complicated Foundations and Intrinsic Challenges Francis Harvey Office Automation with GIS in Urban Planning Anthony Yeh Section 5: Value, Fairness, and Privacy Geographic Information Value and Pricing Geovisualization of Spatial Equity Emily Talen Public Conflicts, Resolution and GIS Peter Kyem Geosurvelliance and Privacy Daniel Sui Section 6: Participation and Community Issues Designing Participatory Geographic Information Systems Piotr Jankowski Public Participation GIS and the Internet Richard Kingston Participatory Approaches in GIS and Society Research: Foundations, Practices, and Future Directions Sarah Elwood PPGIS Implementation and the Transformation of Planning Practice: Evidence from Comparative Case Studies in the United States Laxmi Ramasubramanian Politics and Power in Participation and GIS Use for Community Decision Making Rina Ghose Section 7: GIS and Society Impacts GIScience and Population Health Nadine Schuurman GIS and the Environment Renee Sieber The Social Potential of GIS Stacy Warren GIS and Emergency Management Christopher T Emrich, Susan L Cutter and Paul J Weschler Cogito ergo mobilis sum: The Impact of Location-Based Services on our Mobile Lives Martin Raubal Part Three: Prospects for Research Directions Conclusions and Prospects for GIS and Society Research Tim Nyerges, Helen Couclelis and Robert McMaster