This is a timely and essential companion to the recently publishedAntimicrobial Resistance in the 21st Century, Second Edition.Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global population health, with government reports projecting it could result in over 10 million deaths in the next 35 years. Development of new agents to combat this threat is one of the WHO's top priorities, but in 2017, it conceded that the current drug development pipeline was insufficient to mitigate the threat. This book discusses recent progress and bolster new agent discovery and development, by providing researchers and students who will soon enter the field with a thorough guide to the advancements made in the last decade. 

Coverage includes new systemic antimicrobials approved since 2010, with detailed analysis of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, as well as agents in development for future use. Discussion of each drug will include its chemical nature, pharmacology/pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial spectrum, dosage, adverse reactions, drug interactions, microbial resistance, indications, clinical efficacy compared to older agents, and lists of similar agents with cost comparison. This volume is designed for researchers and students of infectious disease and medical microbiology, as well as clinicians in need of a comprehensive guide to newly developed agents. 

Section 1: New antibacterial agents.

Chapter 1: New cephalosporins and combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors.

a] Ceftaroline

b] New cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitors:

i] Ceftazidime-avibactam; ii] ceftolozane-tazobactam.

1.0. Chemical nature; pharmacology, dosage.

1.1. Microbial spectrum and activity and resistance development

1.2. Advantages over third generation cephalosporins

1.3 Clinical efficacy and indications

1.4. Adverse effects and drug-drug interactions.

1.5. Other comparative agents and cost comparison

 

Chapter 2: New carbapenem/ β-lactamase inhibitors

i] Meropenem-vaborbactam;

iiI mipenem-cilastin-relabactam
Details as above

 

Chapter 3: New Glycopeptides , Macrolide and Antibodies

i] Glycopeptides: Oritavancin, dalbavancin and telavancin

ii]                Macrolide: Fidaxomicin

iii]               Bezlotoxumab for C. difficile colitis

iv]               Oblitoxaximab and raxibacumab for anthrax

Details as above

 

Chapter 4: New Oxazolidinone and Quinolone.

i]  Tedizolid

ii]                                 Delafloxacin
As outlined above

 

Chapter 5: New Tetracyclines

i] Eravacycline;

ii]                 Omadacycline
As outlined above

 

Chapter 6: New Aminoglycoside and new class of antibiotic.

i] Aminoglycoside: Plazomicin

ii]                Pleuomutilin [first semisynthetic]: Lefamulin

History of pleuromutilin development.

As outlined above.

 

Chapter 7: New agents for Tuberculosis

i]  Bedaquiline

ii]                                 Pretomanid

Controversy surrounding pretomanid approval

As outlined above

 

Section 2: New Antifungal agents.

Chapter 8: New antifungals

i] Present antifungals for systemic infections.

ii]                New agent: Isavuconazonium

 

Section 3: New antiparasitic agents

Chapter 9: New agent for Chagas Disease

i] When and what to use for Chagas disease?

ii]                Beznidazole for treatment of Chagas disease. As outlined above

 

Chapter 10: New Drugs for fascioliasis and malaria

I] Agent for fascioliasis: Triclabendazole

Brief review of fascioliasis.

Ii] New antimalarial: tafenoquine
Urgent need for novel antimalarials.

 

Chapter 11: New agents for Leishmaniasis and Onchocerciasis.

i] Miltefosine for leishmaniasis;

ii] Moxidectin for ochocerciasis.
As outlined above.

 

Section 4: New antivirals.

Chapter 12. New combinations for HIV-infection.

Review of mode of action of the classes of antiretroviral agents.

i] Single agents: dolutegravir; etravirine, rilpivirine, doravirine, ibalizumab-uik

Ii] Dual combinations: descovy, juluca,

Iii] Triple combinations: triumeq, strbild, genvoya, complera, odefsey, biktarvy, delstrigo, symtuza

Advantages and disadvantages of new combinations and list of fixed combinations.

As outlined above.

 

Chapter 13. Direct antivirals for hepatitis C.

Mechanisms of action of new hepatitis C drugs.

List of separate drugs and target.

Anti-hepatitis C drugs and fixed combinations.

I] Single agent: daclastavir, simeprevir, sofosbuvir, telepravir, bocepravir

ii]Dual agents: mavyet, epclusa, zepatier, harvoni

iii] Triple agents: vosevi, viekira pak
As outlined above.

 

Chapter 14. New agents for influenza, cytomegalovirus and smallpox.

Anti-influenza drugs available.

i] New anti-influenza drug -baloxavir.

Ii]New anti-CMV agent--letermovir

Iii] Tecovirimat for smallpox

 

Chapter 15: New antimicrobials development.

i] Antibiotics in clinical global development

ii]                   Combination of anti-infectives with enzymes to improve synthetic lethality

iii]                 Phage therapy

iv]                 Biotherapy with small molecules

Ignatius Fong  is the Editor of Springer's Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21^st Century series. He has served as Chief Editor for six books and the sole author for another six books published in the series. He completed his residency training in Internal Medicine at the University of Toronto and as a Fellow in Infectious Diseases at the University of Washington, Seattle. Dr. Fong has published studies concerning a variety of infectious diseases that include therapeutics and pharmacology of antibiotics, AIDS and the treatment of opportunistic infections, mechanistic and treatment studies of mucosal candidiasis, and pathogenic studies on infection and induction of atherosclerosis in animal models. He was Chief of Infectious Diseases at St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto) for 34 years; he is still on staff in Infectious Diseases and is a Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Canada.This is a timely and essential companion to the recently published Antimicrobial Resistance in the 21st Century, Second Edition. Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global population health, with government reports projecting it could result in over 10 million deaths in the next 35 years. Development of new agents to combat this threat is one of the WHO's top priorities, but in 2017, it conceded that the current drug development pipeline was insufficient to mitigate the threat. This book discusses recent progress and bolster new agent discovery and development, by providing researchers and students who will soon enter the field with a thorough guide to the advancements made in the last decade.