Managing the Unknown inquires into the legitimacy of judicial fact-finding in civil litigation. In deciding a case, judges must determine, authoritatively, “what happened?” based on whatever fragmented evidence is available. Given the inevitability of factual uncertainty, there is no guarantee of accuracy, only an assurance that the finding is “more likely than not” correct. On what basis, then, do we accept the authority of judicial fact-finding?

Probing key jurisprudential ideas, law professor Nayha Acharya outlines the crucial role of procedural integrity by showing that the legitimacy of legal outcomes, including factual findings, is rooted in the propriety of their underlying processes. To maintain legitimate authority, legal procedures must demonstrably respect human dignity which includes ensuring that we are treated as equal, autonomous agents. Accordingly, the legitimacy of fact-finding depends on a process that respects the autonomy and equality of legal subjects, which means it is a factually reliable and fully participatory model. By positing the centrality of process in the legitimacy of judicial fact-finding, and given that fact-finding is a central element of law practice, this book invites all legal players from students to practitioners to reflect deeply on their role in maintaining procedural integrity and rule of law.

This book explores fact-finding in civil litigation, arguing that justifiable legal authority rests on the integrity of the legal procedures. The procedures must respect the dignity of individuals by treating them as autonomous and as equals.

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2: Setting the Stage for Procedural Legitimacy

Chapter 3: The Jurisprudential Inquiry into Law and Legitimacy

Chapter 4.  Procedural Legitimacy in Adjudicative Fact-Finding

Chapter 5.  Conclusion